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International Journal of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics

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ArticleOpen Access http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijsbb.2026.06.001

A Review in: Recent Advances and Challenges in Protozoal Vaccination Development in Veterinary Medicine

Anisha Ranabhat

Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.

*Corresponding author: Anisha Ranabhat

Published: April 29,2026

Abstract

Protozoal disease remains a major formidable barrier to global livestock security, exerting profound constraint on animal welfare and agriculture economics. This review critically examine the current frontiers in veterinary protozoal immunology such as Babesia, Theleria, Trypanosoma and Eimeria alongside zoonotic threats like Cryptosporidium which remain a persistent foothold through sophisticated mechanisms of immune evasion, antigenic polymorphism and intricate multi stage life cycles. Despite these obstacle, we highlight the integration of im-muno-informatics, reverse vaccinology and structural biology is catalyzing a shift towards rational vaccine design. Moreover, bridging the gap between these experimental breakthrough and hurdles, field ready solutions is now the imperative advances for ensuring sustainable livestock productivity and global food stability.

Keywords

Immunoprophylaxis; antiprotozoal immunity; recombinant vaccines; livestock health

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Copyright

© 2026 by the author(s).
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not modified or adapted.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

How to cite this paper

A Review in: Recent Advances and Challenges in Protozoal Vaccination Development in Veterinary Medicine

How to cite this paper: Anisha Ranabhat. (2026). A Review in: Recent Advances and Challenges in Protozoal Vaccination Development in Veterinary Medicine. International Journal of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, 2(1), 1-7.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijsbb.2026.06.001