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Theoretical Physics and Quantum Mechanics

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ArticleOpen Access http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/tpqm.2025.06.004

Alternative Electromagnetic Model for Estimating the Structure/Size of the Nucleon and Mesons in Some Charge Multiplets: Classical Description

Stepan A. Pyroha

Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk 43025, Ukraine.

*Corresponding author: Stepan A. Pyroha

Published: December 24, 2025

Abstract

This paper proposes an alternative interpretation of the difference in the masses of a proton and a neutron, their antiparticles based on electromagnetic self-energy. The traditional quantum-chromodynamic model explains the mass of nucleons mainly by the energy of strong interactions, but the contribution of electromagnetic effects is usually seen as secondary. We hypothesize that it is electromagnetic mass that can give physical meaning to the mass difference between a proton and a neutron and charge multiplets of mesons. We study each particle as a quantum dot. The neutron could be viewed as having the electron-like charge distribution on its surface, while the proton exhibits the positron-like charge distribution. The difference between the masses of the neutron and the proton is determined by the sum of the rest mass of the electron and the self-energy (electromagnetic mass) of the electron on the spherical surface of the proton. A similar analysis of the reaction products of the antineutrino interaction with the proton makes it possible to identify a new particle – a light neutron and determine its mass. The possibility of cascading (neutrinoless) -decay of the neutron, the final product of which is a light neutron, the electron, and the positron, has been revealed. The proposed neutrinoless decay mechanism of the neutron may offer an alternative explanation for β+-decay. The structure and sizes of π, K and D mesons are determined according to our new approach.

Keyword

Self-energy; quantum dot; electromagnetic mass; nucleons; light neutron; mesons; electron; positron

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How to cite this paper

Alternative Electromagnetic Model for Estimating the Structure/Size of the Nucleon and Mesons in Some Charge Multiplets: Classical Description

How to cite this paper: Stepan A. Pyroha. (2025). Alternative Electromagnetic Model for Estimating the Structure/Size of the Nucleon and Mesons in Some Charge Multiplets: Classical Description. Theoretical Physics and Quantum Mechanics2(1), 22-29.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/tpqm.2025.06.004