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International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture

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ArticleOpen Access http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijfsa.2025.12.014

Risks in Swine Thermal Comfort: A Proposed Risk Map

Fabiano Gregolin*, Késia Oliveira da Silva Miranda

Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz da Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil.

*Corresponding author: Fabiano Gregolin

Published: January 21,2026

Abstract

Pig production is subject to various factors that limit production efficiency, with climate being a key factor among them. The search for alternatives to minimize the thermal challenge for animals is essential, making the management of pig producers highly complex. In this sense, an area that can offer significant support in decision-making for pig producers is risk management. In pig farming, as in all agricultural activities, risks are inherent and involve all stages of the production process. Research on risk management is abundant, but it is directed towards specific topics. However, research focused on risk management in pig farming with an integrative approach is a field that has been little explored. The purpose of this research was to create a tool that guides producers in identifying risks related to the thermal comfort of pigs, adopting a constructivist approach with the creation of a new model based on an extensive literature review and empirical data. After the development of a pig farming risk map based on an in-depth literature review, brainstorming meetings were held to identify risks that negatively affect pig thermal comfort. The risks were analyzed and grouped by similarity, and the risk map was tested and validated with a group of professionals from the pig production system in Brazil. The enhanced tool was subsequently tested on a farm with over 50,000 animals. The result is the Risk Map in Swine Thermal Comfort, an important tool that will guide producers in identifying factors that may represent risks in the thermal comfort of animals. This research has unveiled an innovative proposal for risk identification by presenting the Risk Map in Swine Thermal Comfort, an important tool that will guide producers in identifying factors that may pose risks to animal thermal comfort. The identification of risks represents an essential step in the creation and development of risk management processes with a holistic approach, and having a tool that guides this identification process is a substantial contribution to producers and to the advancement of the area.

Keywords

Risks; Risk management; Thermal comfort; Pigs; Risk map; Management tool; Innovative tool; Pig farm management

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How to cite this paper

Risks in Swine Thermal Comfort: A Proposed Risk Map

How to cite this paper: Fabiano Gregolin, Késia Oliveira da Silva Miranda. (2025) Risks in Swine Thermal Comfort: A Proposed Risk Map. International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture9(4), 381-405.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijfsa.2025.12.014