This work is supported by the Startup Fund for Advanced Talents of Putian University (2025041) and Key Project of Fujian Social Science Fund: A Study of Global Dissemination of China’s Contemporary Narratives and Discourse Promoting Core Socialist Values (FJ2022A017).
References
Ding, N., Qin, Y., Yang, G., Wei, F., Yang, Z., Su, Y., et al. (2023). Parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large-scale pre-trained language models. Nature Machine Intelligence, 5(3), 220-235.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00626-4
Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. Doubleday.
Heldner, M., & Edlund, J. (2010). Pauses, gaps and overlaps in conversations. Journal of Phonetics, 38(4), 555-568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2010.08.002
Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind: Intercultural co-operation and its importance for survival (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-5937
Indefrey, P., & Levelt, W. J. (2004). The spatial and temporal signatures of word production components. Cognition, 92(1-2), 101-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2002.06.001
Janjanam, L., Saha, S. K., & Kar, R. (2024). Enhancing modelling accuracy of cascaded spline adaptive filters using the remora optimisation algorithm: Application to real-time systems. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 25(11), 1515-1535.
https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2300817
Kendrick, K. H., & Torreira, F. (2015). The timing and construction of preference: A quantitative study. Discourse Pro-cesses, 52(4), 255-289.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2014.955997
Knudsen, B., Creemers, A., & Meyer, A. S. (2020). Forgotten little words: How backchannels and particles may facilitate speech planning in conversation? Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 593671.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.593671
Konopka, A. E., Meyer, A., & Forest, T. A. (2018). Planning to speak in L1 and L2. Cognitive Psychology, 102, 72-104.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2017.12.003
Levinson, S. C. (2016). Turn-taking in human communication–origins and implications for language processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(1), 6-14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.10.010
Levinson, S. C., & Torreira, F. (2015). Timing in turn-taking and its implications for processing models of language. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 731.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00731
Ma, X., Tian, Y., & Zhao, W. (2025). A review of neural network-based machine translation research. Computer Engi-neering and Applications, 1-24.
https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2127.tp.20250522.1548.014
Meyer, A. S. (2023). Timing in conversation. Journal of Cognition, 6(1), 20.
https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.268
Pickering, M. J., & Garrod, S. (2021). Understanding dialogue: Language use and social interaction. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108610728
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50(4), 696-735.
https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1974.0010
Schegloff, E. A. (2000). Overlapping talk and the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language in Society, 29(1), 1-63.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500001019
Stivers, T., Enfield, N. J., Brown, P., Englert, C., Hayashi, M., Heinemann, T., Hoymann, G., Rossano, F., De Ruiter, J. P., & Yoon, K.-E. (2009). Universals and cultural variation in turn-taking in conversation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(26), 10587-10592.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0903616106
Templeton, E. M., Chang, L. J., Reynolds, E. A., Cone LeBeaumont, M. D., & Wheatley, T. (2022). Fast response times signal social connection in conversation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(4), e2116915119.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2116915119
Wang, J., Li, Y., Yang, S., Dong, S., & Li, J. (2023). Waiting experience: Optimization of feedback mechanism of voice user interfaces based on time perception. IEEE Access, 11, 21241-21251.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3250278