magazinelogo

Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Technology

ISSN Online: 3066-5019 CODEN:
Frequency: Instant publication Email: MEMT@hillpublish.com
Total View: 90893 Downloads: 4000 Citations: 0 (From Dimensions)
ArticleOpen Access http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/memt.2025.12.001

Synthesis and Structural Properties of Zirconium Doped Strontium Neodymium Oxide

Jobair Maudood1,*, Md. Maznu Mia2, Iftakhar Bin Elius1, Md. Saiful Islam1, Md. Sydur Rahman Bappy2, Kazi Hanium Maria2, Shahzad Hossain1,*

1Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, GPO Box No.3787, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

2Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

*Corresponding author: Jobair Maudood, Shahzad Hossain

Published: August 28,2025

Abstract

The purpose of this research is the synthesis and structural characterization of SrNd0.65Zr0.35O3-δ perovskite material. The sample has been prepared by solid-state sintering method and was sintered at 1300 ℃ for 12 hours in an air atmosphere where rate of heating and cooling was 5 ℃min-1. The structural and various crystalline parameters of this sample were calculated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiment. The XRD data was refined using FullProf suite software which is based on Rietveld method. Refinement confirmed perovskite structure with single-phase cubic perovskite (fluorite-type) structure. Space group was found as Fm-3m. The cell parameters of the material were calculated and found to be а = b = c = 5.252509 Å and α = β = γ = 90°. After Rietveld refinement, the goodness of fit (χ2) value of the sample was in good agreement with the reference data. The structural, mechanical and chemical properties of the sample were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The SEM microstructures of the sample showed that the samples were very dense sintered at 1300 ℃. The DTA scan was done for understanding the temperature dependent behavior. The dilatometer measurement of SrNd0.65Zr0.35O3-δ shows a good agreement with the literature results of YSZ which is a commercial material used for the electrolyte component of SOFC. The structural, density and thermal properties demonstrate that SNZ perovskite can be used as a proton-conducting electrolyte material for the intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). 

Keywords

Materials science; Perovskite; Rietveld refinement; XRD; DTA; SEM; SOFC

References

[1] Friedlingstein P, O'Sullivan M, Jones MW, et al. Global Carbon Budget 2024. Earth Syst Sci Data. 2025;17(3):965-1039. Available from: https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/965/2025/essd-17-965-2025.html

[2] Pavarini C, Mattion F. Tracking the decoupling of electricity demand and associated CO2 emissions [Internet]. IEA; 2019 [cited 2020 Sep 17]. Available from: https://www.iea.org/commentaries/tracking-the-decoupling-of-electricity-demand-and-associated-co2-emissions

[3] Abdalla AM, Kamel M, Hossain S, Irvine JTS, Azad AK. Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of La0.75Sr0.25Mn0.5Cr0.5-xAlxO3 for IT- and HT-SOFCs. Int J Appl Ceram Technol. 2020;17(3):1276-85. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ijac.13375

[4] Hossain S, Abdalla AM, Radenahmad N, et al. Highly dense and chemically stable proton conducting electrolyte sintered at 1200°C. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2018;43(2):894-907. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.111

[5] Hossain S, Abdalla AM, Jamain SNB, Zaini JH, Azad AK. A review on proton conducting electrolytes for clean energy and intermediate temperature-solid oxide fuel cells. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2017;79:750-64. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.147

[6] Schober T. Applications of oxidic high-temperature proton conductors. In: Solid State Ionics. Elsevier; 2003. p.277-81.

[7] Qi X, Lin YS. Electrical conducting properties of proton-conducting terbium-doped strontium cerate membrane. Solid State Ionics. 1999;120(1):85-93.

[8] Dharmalingam S, Kugarajah V, Sugumar M. Membranes for microbial fuel cells. In: Microbial Electrochemical Technology: Sustainable Platform for Fuels, Chemicals and Remediation. Elsevier; 2018. p.143-94.

[9] Yakabe H, Sakurai T, Sobue T, Yamashita S, Hase K. Solid oxide fuel cells as promising candidates for distributed generators. In: 2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics. IEEE; 2006. p.369-74.

[10] Singhal SC. Advances in solid oxide fuel cell technology. Solid State Ionics. 2000;135(1-4):305-13.

[11] Hamid L, Elmutasim O, Dhawale DS, Giddey S, Paul G. Comparative Electrochemical Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Hydrogen vs. Ammonia Fuels. Processes. 2025;13(4). Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/4/1145

[12] Yao SJ, Appleby AJ, Geisel A, Cash HR, Wolfson SK. Anodic Oxidation of Carbohydrates and their Derivatives in Neutral Saline Solu-tion. Nature. 1969;224:921-2. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/224921a0

[13] Duan C, Hook D, Chen Y, Tong J, O'Hayre R. Zr and Y co-doped perovskite as a stable, high performance cathode for solid oxide fuel cells operating below 500°C. Energy Environ Sci. 2017;10(1):176-82. doi:10.1039/C6EE01915C

[14] Huang K, Goodenough JB. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology: Principles, Performance and Operations. Elsevier; 2009. 328p.

[15] Elius IB, Asif BM, Maudood J, et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Strontium Doped Barium Titanates using Neutron Diffraction Technique. Nucl Sci Appl. 2019;28(1):57-62.

[16] Rodríguez-Carvajal J. Recent advances in magnetic structure determination by neutron powder diffraction. Phys B. 1993;192(1-2):55-69.

[17] Ratcliff W. Revealing the Symmetry of Materials through Neutron Diffraction. Symmetry (Basel). 2022;14(6). Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/6/1215

[18] Joergensen CK, Rittershaus E. Powder-diagram and spectroscopic studies of mixed oxides of lanthanides and quadrivalent metals. Mat Meddelelser. 1967;35(15):37.

[19] Hossain S, Parvez MM, Abdalla AM, et al. Structure of Magnesium Doped Yttrium Barium Zirconate as a Novel Compound. Phys Solid State. 2023;65(7-12):137-50. doi:10.1134/S1063783423600024

[20] Li Y, Guo R, Wang C, et al. Stable and easily sintered BaCe0.5Zr0.3Y0.2O3-δ electrolytes using ZnO and Na2CO3 additives for pro-tonic oxide fuel cells. Electrochim Acta. 2013;95:95-101.

[21] Courtin E, Boy P, Piquero T, et al. A composite sol-gel process to prepare a YSZ electrolyte for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. J Power Sources. 2012;206:77-83.

How to cite this paper

Synthesis and Structural Properties of Zirconium Doped Strontium Neodymium Oxide

How to cite this paper: Jobair Maudood, Md. Maznu Mia, Iftakhar Bin Elius, Md. Saiful Islam, Md. Sydur Rahman Bappy, Kazi Hanium Maria, Shahzad Hossain. (2025). Synthesis and Structural Properties of Zirconium Doped Strontium Neodymium Oxide. Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Technology, 2(1), 1-7.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/memt.2025.12.001