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International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture

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Article http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijfsa.2021.03.010

Chemical Constituents of Melon Testa and Rice Husk Powders and Their Potential as Protectant Against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Akinbuluma Mobolade Dele^*, Olaniran Maryam Oyeteju

Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: Akinbuluma Mobolade Dele

Published: February 4,2021

Abstract

This study examined the effects of powdered testa of melon Citrullus vulgaris Schrad and husks of rice, Oryza sativa L. on adult C. maculatus and to determine the phytochemicals responsible for their insecticidal property. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory (temperature, 24±4ᵒC; r.h, 70±3%). Thirty grammes (30 g) of cowpea seeds were weighed into each of eight kilner jars and admixed with melon testa and rice husk powders at dosages 1.6% (w/w), 3.2% (w/w) and 4.8% (w/w) and mesh sizes, 200mm and 500mm. The experiment was conducted relative to untreated control and pirimiphos-methyl (synthetic chemical). Each jar was infested with 5 pairs of 1-2-day old adult C. maculatus and laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (r = 4). Secondary metabolites in the plant samples were determined following standard procedures. Data collected, including mortality, oviposition and adult emergence of C. maculatus as well as weight loss in cowpea seeds were analyzed using ANOVA and means separated using DMRT at 5% level of significance. Percentage mortality of C. maculates ranged from 0% to 97% on seeds treated with both melon testa powder and rice husk powders. Mortality of C. maculatus from the highest dose of both powders received from 500 mm was not significantly different (P < 0.05) from mortality in pirimiphos-methyl treated seeds. Oviposition by female C. maculates reduced from 12.5 in the untreated control to 6.3 and 6.5 on seeds admixed with melon testa powder and rice husk powder, respectively. Significantly lower adult emergence and reduced weight loss were also observed on seeds treated with both powders than on the untreated control. Phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavanoids, terpenoids, antraquinones, phenols and alkaloids in both powders. In addition, cardiac glycosides were also present in the melon testa powder. Therefore, melon testa and rice husk powders can be used as a grain protectant against Callosobruchus maculatus to reduce the attendant problems with the use of synthetic chemicals thus ensuring food safety and security.

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How to cite this paper

Chemical Constituents of Melon Testa and Rice Husk Powders and Their Potential as Protectant Against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

How to cite this paper: Akinbuluma Mobolade Dele, Olaniran Maryam Oyeteju. (2021) Chemical Constituents of Melon Testa and Rice Husk Powders and Their Potential as Protectant Against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). International Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 5(1), 69-75.

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijfsa.2021.03.010

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Chemical Constituents of Melon Testa and Rice Husk Powders and Their Potential as Protectant Against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

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