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ArticleOpen Access http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/abr.2024.12.005

A Study on Diversity Among Streptococci Associated with Different Disease Conditions in Various Hosts and Their Comparative Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Herbal and Conventional Antimicrobials

B. R. Singh1,*, M. Chandra2, R. Agrawal3, H. Agri1, R. Karthikeyan1, A. Yadav1, V. Jayakumar1, A. Kumar4, A. M. Pawde5

1Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.

2Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, GADVASU, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India.

3Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.

4Division of Veterinary Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.

5Centre for Wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.

*Corresponding author: B. R. Singh

Published: June 17,2025

Abstract

Streptococcal infections are rampant in humans and animals, and are becoming a big problem for health workers to handle such infections to offer a cure due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to understand the diversity among streptococci in different disease conditions, host range, and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. A total of 504 isolates of 26 species of streptococci isolated from referred clinical (459) and non-clinical (44) samples during the period of 2018 to 2023 at the Clinical Epidemiology laboratory of the Division of Epidemiology were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using 39 conventionally used and 15 herbal antimicrobials by disc diffusion assays. The most common Streptococcus species isolates associated with clinical infections were S. pyogenes, S. anginosus, S. porcinus, S. dysgalactiae, S. pneumoniae, S. equi, S. agalactiae, S. bovis, S. uberis, and S. suis, contributing to >63% of cases of the streptococcal infections. Clinical strains showed high levels of MHDR, MDR, macrolide, and vancomycin resistance detected in 58.82%, 73.42%, 36.82%, and 43.51% of the strains, respectively. The maximum MHDR, MDR, macrolide, and vancomycin resistance was detected in strains associated with abortions and dental infections, respectively, and it was the minimum in the isolates recovered from otitis and conjunctivitis cases. The most effective herbal antimicrobials were thyme oil and carvacrol, inhibiting >80% of streptococcal isolates tested in the study. The findings of the study suggest an urgent need for the continuous monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococci causing clinical infections for advising effective antimicrobial therapy.

Keywords

AMR; MDR; MHDR; S. pyogenes; S. anginosus; S. porcinus; S. dysgalactiae; S. pneumoniae; S. equi; S. agalactiae; S. bovis; S. uberis; S. suis

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How to cite this paper

A Study on Diversity Among Streptococci Associated with Different Disease Conditions in Various Hosts and Their Comparative Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Herbal and Conventional Antimicrobials

How to cite this paper: B. R. Singh, M. Chandra, R. Agrawal, H. Agri, R. Karthikeyan, A. Yadav, V. Jayakumar, A. Kumar, A. M. Pawde. (2024) A Study on Diversity Among Streptococci Associated with Different Disease Conditions in Various Hosts and Their Comparative Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Herbal and Conventional AntimicrobialsAdvance in Biological Research5(2), 75-96.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/abr.2024.12.005