magazinelogo

Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Science

ISSN Online: 2576-0548 ISSN Print: 2576-0556 CODEN: JHASAY
Frequency: monthly Email: jhass@hillpublisher.com
Total View: 6655951 Downloads: 1955358 Citations: 437 (From Dimensions)
ArticleOpen Access http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/jhass.2023.06.002

The One-child Policy and Gender Bias in China: A Review of Recent Literature

Liyuan Fang

Vanke Meisha Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

*Corresponding author: Liyuan Fang

Published: July 13, 2023

Abstract

The one-child policy, according to Andrew Mullen, China’s one-child policy requires most couples to have only one child. China’s one-child policy was rolled out in 1980 by Deng Xiaoping and was strictly enforced after the population had increased to 969 million in 1980 from around 540 million in 1949. The policy is implemented by the National Health and Family Planning Commission. Violators will be fined and usually forced abortion. People and historians have been mixed about the impact of this policy on China. According to Vanessa L. Fong in his book Only Hope: Coming of Age Under China’s One-Child Policy, China’s total fertility rate was 5.8 births per woman and in 1980, China’s total fertility rate was down to 2.3 births of the one-child policy. Rosemary and Jiali investigated the implementation of the effect of the policy in Hebei province, according to his research, we can know that only 22.1% of the women accepted the “one child” certificate, which reflects the couple’s intention to comply with the “one child” policy, which is quite low in view of the numerous incentives for accepting the certificate and the negative sanctions for unauthorized second births. In this paper, I read many literatures about the one-child policy, and found something I deem important changes under the policy implementation, at the same time, to express some opinions from it.

Keyword

The one-child policy, Influence, Benefits

References

Bauer, John et al. (1992). Gender inequality in urban China: Education and employment. Modern China 18:333-70.

Cooney, Rosemary Santana, & Jiali Li. (1994). “Household registration type and compliance with the ‘one-child’ policy in China, 1970-1988,” Demography 31:21-32.

Ebenstein, A. Y. (2009). The “Missing Girls” of China and the Unintended Consequences of the one-child Policy. Journal of Human Resources. Forthcoming.

Feeney, Griffith & Peter Kenos. (1992). “The demographic situation in Vietnam: Past, present, prospects,” in Neil L. Jamieson, Nguyen Minh Hung, and A. Terry Rambo (eds.), The Challenges of Vietnam’s Reconstruction. Fairfax: Indochina Institute of George Mason University.pp.55-68

Fong, V. L. (2002). China’s one-child policy and the empowerment of urban daughters. American Anthropologist, 104(4), 1098-1109. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2002.104.4.1098. 

Fong, V. L. (2004). Only hope: Coming of age under China’s one-child policy. Vanessa L ... Retrieved October 5, 2022, from https://cae.americananthro.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Fong_Vanessa-Only_Hope.pdf. 

Goodkind, D. M. (1995). Vietnam’s one-or-two-child policy in action. Population and Development Review, 21(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137414. 

Greenhalgh, S. (2012). Patriarchal demographics? China’s sex ratio was reconsidered. Population and Development Review, 38(S1), 130-149. 

Guo, J. alun, & amp; Guo, Y. (2018, December). Sex, birth order, and creativity in the context of China’s one-child ... research gate. Retrieved July 29, 2022, from 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329797809_Sex_Birth_Order_and_Creativity_in_the_Context_of_China’s_One-Child_Policy_and_Son_Preference. 

HONG, L. A. W. R. E. N. C. E. K. (1987). Potential effects of the one-child policy on gender equality in the People’s Republic of China. Gender & amp; Society, 1(3), 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124387001003007. 

Hull, T. H. (1990). Recent trends in sex ratios at birth in China. Population and Development Review, 16(1), 63. 

https://doi.org/10.2307/1972529. 

Kaufman, Joan, et al. 1989. “Family planning policy and practice in China: A study of four rural counties, “Population and Development Review 15:707-729.

Kim, S. won, & Fong, V. L. (2014). A longitudinal study of son and daughter preference among Chinese only-children from adolescence to adulthood. The China Journal, 71, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1086/674551. 

Li, H., Yi, J., & Zhang, J. (2010, August). Estimating the effect of the one-child policy on sex ... - ftp.iza.org. Retrieved July 29, 2022, from https://ftp.iza.org/dp5149.pdf. 

Li, J. (1995). China’s one-child policy: How and how well has it worked? A case study of Hebei province, 1979-88. Population and Development Review, 21(3), 563. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137750. 

Logan, J. R., Bian, F., & Bian, Y. (1998). Tradition and change in the urban Chinese family: The case of living arrangements. Social Forces, 76(3), 851. https://doi.org/10.2307/3005696. 

Mosher, Steven W. 1983. Broken Earth: The Rural Chinese. New York: Free Press.

Mullen, A. (2021, June 1). What was China’s one-child policy and why was it so controversial? South China Morning Post. Retrieved July 29, 2022, from 

https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3135510/chinas-one-child-policy-what-was-it-and-what-impact-did-it.

Nie, Y., & Wyman, R. J. (2005). The one-child policy in Shanghai: Acceptance and internalization. Population and Development Review, 31(2), 313-336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2005.00067.x. 

Pan, Yunkang, Nan Lin. (1987). “A Model of Contemporary Chinese Urban Families”. Sociological Research, 3:5 

Poston, Dudley L, Jr, & Gu Baochang. (1987). “Socioeconomic development, family planning, and fertility in China.” Demography, 24:531-552.

Qi, X. (2017). Neo-traditional Child surnaming in contemporary China: Women’s rights as veiled patriarchy. Sociology, 52(5), 1001-1016. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038516688613. 

Remez, L. (1991). Women in rural China want two children despite adherence to the government's one-child family policy. International Family Planning Perspectives, 17(4), 152. https://doi.org/10.2307/2133233. 

Runco, M. A., & Bahleda, M. D. (1987). Birth-order and divergent thinking. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 148, 119-125. doi:10.1080/ 00221325.1987.9914542. 

Short, S. E et al., (2001). China’s one-child policy and the care of children: An analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. Social Forces, 79(3), 913-943. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2001.0025. 

Tien. H. Yuan. (1991). China’s Strategic Demography Initiative. New York: Praeger.

Tsui, M., & Rich, L. (2002). The Only Child and Educational Opportunity for Girls in Urban China. JSTOR. Retrieved July 29, 2022, from https://www.jstor.org/. 

Wang, Z. et al. (2016). Ending an era of population control in China: Was the one-child policy ever needed? American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 75(4), 929-979. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12160. 

Yang, J. (2017). Gendered division of domestic work and willingness to have more children in China. Demographic Research, 37, 1949-1974. https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2017.37.62. 

Yang, J. et al. (2017). Only-child and non-only-child exhibit differences in creativity and agreeableness: Evidence from behavioral and anatomical structural studies. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 11, 493-502.

doi:10.1007/s11682-016-9530-9. 

YU, L. U. C. Y. C., YU, Y. A. N. J. U., & MANSFIELD, P. H. Y. L. L. I. S. K. E. R. N. O. F. F. (1990). Gender and changes in support of parents in China: Gender & amp. Society, 4(1), 83-89. 

https://doi.org/10.1177/089124390004001007. 

Zhai, F., & Gao, Q. (2009). Center-based care in the context of one-child policy in China: Do child gender and siblings matter? Population Research and Policy Review, 29(5), 745-774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-009-9171-4.

Zhou, Xueguang, et al. (1998). Educational stratification in urban China: 1949-94. Sociology of Education, 71:199-222.

Copyright

© 2023 by the author(s).
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not modified or adapted.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

How to cite this paper

The One-child Policy and Gender Bias in China: A Review of Recent Literature

How to cite this paper: Liyuan Fang. (2023) The One-child Policy and Gender Bias in China: A Review of Recent Literature. Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Science7(6), 1057-1062.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/jhass.2023.06.002