References
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Ainsworth, et al. (1978). Study revealed that infants develop secure attachment to mothers and fathers who are responsive to the child's needs and emotional signals, thus as the key to secure attachment.
Ainsworth, et al. (1978); Mohr & Fassinger. (2003). In the theoretical and research literature, attachment styles can be characterized as either insecure or secure.
Allen, J. P., Porter, M., McFarland, C., McElhaney, K. B., & Marsh, P. (2007). The relation of attachment security to adolescents’ paternal and peer relationships, depression, and externalizing behaviour. Child Development, 78(4), 1222-1239. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01062.x.
Armsden and Greenberg. (1987). Parental attachment is defined as one’s perceived relationship with his/her mother figure and father figure, in terms of trust, communication, and connection in general.
Bowlby J. (1969). Attachment and Loss: Volume I. Attachment. 2. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1969.
Bowlby, J (1969). The available, supportive, responsive and reliable, yet non-interfering parent becomes the child's secure base from which the child can explore the environmental mastery.
Bowlby, J. (1969). An attachment is a strong affectionately tie that binds a person to an intimate companion, typically to a parent.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. Vol. 1, Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
Caitlin Ryan, Supportive Families, Healthy Children: Helping Families with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Children, Family Acceptance Project, Marian Wright Edelman Institute, San Francisco State University (2009); https://familyproject.sfsu.edu/sites/default/files/FAP_English.
Caitlin, R. (2009). Helping Families Support Their Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Children.
Cass, (1979); Troiden, (1989), Rosario, Hunter, Maguen, Gwadz, & Smith, (2001), Hatzenbuehler, (2009); Meyer, (2003), Pachankis, (2007). The coming-out process and minority stress emphasize the benefits of being open about one’s sexual orientation, doing so can also lead to negative outcomes, such as becoming the target of prejudice.
Darby-Mullins, P., & Murdock, T. (2007). The influence of family environment factors on self-acceptance and emotional adjustment among gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 3(1), 75-91. Doi:10.1300/J461v03n01_04e.g., moral support and companionship.
Elizur, Y., & Ziv, M. (2001). Family support and acceptance, gay male identity, and psychological adjustment: A path model. Family Process, 40(2), 125-144. Doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2001.4020100125.x.
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Halpin & Allen (2004) D’Amico & Julien (2012). In addition to the daily discrimination of people in the LGB communities, how out a person is as LGB and how identified a person is in their gay identity development can influence their well-being.
Homosexual individuals reported lower levels of parental support in general than their heterosexual counterparts (Need-ham & Austin, 2010).
McCombes. (2020). The qualitative research used descriptive survey design to determine the relationship of outness to parental attachment, support, and acceptance to LGBTQIA+ identity.
McCormick, A. (2019). Family acceptance and faith: Understanding the acceptance processes of parents of LGBTQ youth. Social Work and Christianity; Botsford Vol. 46, Iss. 1, (Spring 2019): 32-40.
McCormick, A. (2019). Parenting is a role that shapes the development of many adults.
Meyer, J. C., Sneed, C. D., & Tan, H. P. (2015). The influence of parental communication and perception of peers on adolescent sexual behaviour. Journal of health communication, 20(8), 888-892.
Doi: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1018584.
Mohr & Fassinger. (2003). Parental attachment also includes feelings of perceived responsiveness and sensitivity on the parents’ part to one’s own needs.
Nickerson, A. B., & Nagle, R. J. (2005). Parent and peer attachment in late childhood and early adolescence. The journal of early adolescence, 25(2), 223-249. doi: 10.1177%2F0272431604274174.
Question Pro. (2020). Descriptive survey is a method of qualitative research that aim to gather information from a population sample analysis.
Rosenkrantz, D. (2018). Factors imp ors impacting parental acceptance of an l ance of anlgbtq child.
Rosenkrantz, D. E., Rostosky, S. S., Toland, M. D., & Dueber, D. M. (2020). Cognitive-affective and religious values associated with parental acceptance of an LGBT child. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 7(1), 55-65.
Tharinger, D., & Wells, G. (2019). An Attachment Perspective on the Developmental Challenges of Gay and Lesbian Adolescents: The Need for Continuity of Caregiving from Family and Schools.