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International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Research

ISSN Online: 2575-7970 ISSN Print: 2575-7989 CODEN: IJCEMH
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ArticleOpen Access http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijcemr.2023.04.023

Staphylococcus aureus from a Commensal to Zoonotic Pathogen: A Critical Appraisal

Mahendra Pal1,*, Margo Yonas Shuramo2, Anita Tewari3, Jyoti Priyadarshini Srivastava4, Carl H.D. Steinmetz5

1Narayan Consultancy on Veterinary Public Health and Microbiology, Bharuch, Gujarat, India.

2Degem Woreda Livestock and Fishery Development and Resource Office, North Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.

3Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry( NDVSU), Rewa, India.

4Department of Pathology, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, India.

5KNS Mlaan 50, 1019 LL Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

*Corresponding author: Mahendra Pal

Published: June 5,2023

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus, the principal etiologic agent of staphylococcosis, is a facultative anaerobe, Gram-positive, catalase-positive, and non-motile bacterium that causes disease in humans and animals. The bacterium can produce disease in immunocompetent as well as in immunocompromised subjects. The nasal cavity, and skin of humans and animals serve as the natural ecological niches of S. aureus. Morphologically, the bacterium appears as grape-like structures under the microscope. Under favourable conditions, the organisms can cause illness in humans and form biofilms that protect bacteria from harsh environment. The exotoxins like toxic shock syndrome type-1, exfoliative toxin, hemolysin, leukocidin protein, and enterotoxins are well-known factors produced by bacteria responsible for causing various diseases in susceptible hosts. The furuncle, carbuncle, impetigo, and abscess are various skin infections caused by S. aureus. Besides, it also causes multiple systemic infections, such as pyomyositis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, toxic shock syndrome, and scalded skin syndrome. Staphylococcus aureus is a significant cause of foodborne poising in humans, and mastitis in dairy animals. The organism can easily be identified by Grams’ staining and culturing on selective media. Beta-lactam drugs, vancomycin, doxycycline, clindamycin, and linezolid can be used to treat diseases. However, due to the ability of bacteria to resist many new-ageantibiotics, it is considered an emerging public health issue worldwide. Practicing personal hygiene, food safety, and farm-to-fork hygieneisessential for preventing and controlling diseases.

Keywords

Commensal, Epidemiology, Public health, Staphylococcus aureus, Zoonotic pathogen

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How to cite this paper

Staphylococcus aureus from a Commensal to Zoonotic Pathogen: A Critical Appraisal

How to cite this paper:  Mahendra Pal, Margo Yonas Shuramo, Anita Tewari, Jyoti Priyadarshini Srivastava, Carl H.D. Steinmetz. (2023) Staphylococcus aureus from a Commensal to Zoonotic Pathogen: A Critical Appraisal. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Research7(2), 220-228.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijcemr.2023.04.023